Difference between revisions of "Leturian Language"
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12. Words such as dur with adjectival meaning (“good”) may also be used without alternation as abstract nouns, i.e. dvene dura, the girl’s goodness. The equivalent to phrases such as “the good one”, “the one which/who is good”, is formed by adding the prefix nu- to the word (for a person) or lu- (for a thing). Thus: nu’dur = the good person; nu’cem = the pretty person; lu’dur’ail = a very good thing. Nucemail = nu’cem’ail = the very beautiful one | 12. Words such as dur with adjectival meaning (“good”) may also be used without alternation as abstract nouns, i.e. dvene dura, the girl’s goodness. The equivalent to phrases such as “the good one”, “the one which/who is good”, is formed by adding the prefix nu- to the word (for a person) or lu- (for a thing). Thus: nu’dur = the good person; nu’cem = the pretty person; lu’dur’ail = a very good thing. Nucemail = nu’cem’ail = the very beautiful one. The same two prefixes form active participles: nu’fent = one who attacks forth, a frontier “raider”. | ||
Latest revision as of 19:15, 25 April 2020
Leturian Linguistic Rules
Leturian Language Pronunciation: c = sh. x = zh.
Nouns and verbs take certain endings showing their relation to the words around them. These are not exactly case or tense endings of the sort found in some languages with which you may be familiar. Rather, these endings are used to build up noun or verb phrases by showing which words modify which other words. These phrases may then be placed in relation to each other to form sentences. The same sets of endings are used in both noun and verb phrases; in fact, there is no formal distinction between them. Let us take an example. The word zev, by itself, refers to the act of seeing or to sight. The phrase re zeva in turn can be translated as “I see” or “my seeing” or “my sight.” Extending the phrase further, re zevau nou can be translated as “I see you” or “my seeing of you.” The same endings apply regardless of whether an action or a thing is under discussion: re sembau nou is “my picture of you,” or perhaps “I have a picture of you,” while re telpau nou is “I strike you,” only awkwardly to be translated as “my striking of you.”
What, then, are the endings, and what do they show?
1. The most basic ending is -i, which shows that the word is modified by an adverb or adjective. Thus: dur sembi, “a good picture,” relating dur (good) and semb (picture). Or: dur zevi, “good sight” or “to see (something) well,” relating dur (good, well) and zev (sight, to see).
2. Another important ending is -a, which shows that the word is preceded by a word designating either something that possesses it (if a noun) or the person or thing doing the action (if a verb). The other word (designating the possessor or subject) also takes an ending, -e. Thus: dvene kaila, the girl’s comb, relating the words dven (girl) and kail (comb). Or: toule bemba, the door of the house, relating the words toul (house) and bemb (door). Or: dvene zeva, the girl sees, or the girl’s sight, relating dven (girl) and zev (sight, to see).
3. Another important ending is -u, which shows that the word is followed by a word designating either the recipient of the action (if a verb) or something that stands in an “of” relationship with it that does not imply possession, such as a bottle of wine or a book of poetry or a pile of dung. The other word (designating the object or the word following ‘of’) also takes an ending, -ou. Thus: fenku slemou, a bottle of wine, from fenk (bottle) and slem (wine). Or: zevu dvenou, “the seeing of the girl” in the sense “(somebody) sees the girl,” from zev (sight, to see) and dven (girl).
4. If a word is modified by several other words, the endings appear one after the other in the order they have been described here: -i-a-u, for example. Thus: dvene zevau toulou, the girl (dven) sees (zev) the house (toul). Or: toule dur bembia, the good (dur) door (bemb) belonging to the house (toul). Or: dur toulie bemba, the door (bemb) belonging to the good (dur) house (toul). Or: dvene dur zevia, the girl (dven) sees (zev) well (dur), i.e. the girl has good eyesight.
5. Pronouns consist of a single consonant plus these endings: r- for I/me/my, n- for you/your, g- for he/she/it/his/her/its/him, etc. Thus: ge kaila, his/her/its comb; dvene zevau nou, the girl sees you, the girl’s seeing of you; ne dur slemia, your good wine.
6. When it is necessary to link two phrases, this can be done most simply by using the 3rd person pronoun g-. Thus: re toula, my house; toule bemba, the door of the house; re toula, ge bemba, the door of my house, literally, ‘my house, its door.’ dvene dur toulia, re zevau gou, I see the girl’s good house, literally ‘the girl’s good house, I see it,’ or even ‘the girl’s good house, my seeing of it.’
7. Another, related way of linking multiple phrases is through the conjunction ca.....’ca (translatable as “which is”) which follows immediately after the pronoun g- and is followed by a modifying phrase, set off in writing by commas. This form is generally used when there could be some ambiguity. Examples of usage: re zevau gou, ca dvene dur toulia’ca. = I see it, which is the girl’s good house. re, ca ne dvena’ca, zevau gou. = I, who am your girl, see it, compared with re zevau gou, ca ne dvena’ca or ne dvena, re zevau gou = I see your girl.
8. The ending -’ha attached to the final word of a phrase shows that it is a positive indication.
- re toula’ha = my house exists; I have a house.
- ne dur slemia’ha = your good wine exists; you have good wine, or your wine is good.
- dvene toula, re zevau gou’ha = I see the girl’s house (as opposed to simply ‘my seeing of the girl’s house....’)
9. The ending -’hel in the same position shows that it is a negative indication.
- re toula’hel = my house does not exist; I do not have a house.
- ne dur slemia’hel = you do not have good wine.
- dvene toula, re zevau gou’hel = I do not see the girl’s house.
[10. These two endings can also be used with the conjunction ca... to mean something equivalent to clauses beginning with “that...” For example: ca re toula’ha, [ge xacau gou]= [He knows that] I have a house. ca ne dur slemia’hel, [ge xacau gou] = [He knows that] you do not have good wine.]
11. Adjectives are intensified by the suffix -’ail. Thus: dur, good; dur’ail, very good; cem, pretty; cem’ail, very pretty. The suffix can be added to other words to emphasize them: fenk’ail, “quite a bottle.” On the other hand there is a diminutive -’indx. Thus, dur, good; dur’indx, a little good, fenk’indx, a little bottle.
12. Words such as dur with adjectival meaning (“good”) may also be used without alternation as abstract nouns, i.e. dvene dura, the girl’s goodness. The equivalent to phrases such as “the good one”, “the one which/who is good”, is formed by adding the prefix nu- to the word (for a person) or lu- (for a thing). Thus: nu’dur = the good person; nu’cem = the pretty person; lu’dur’ail = a very good thing. Nucemail = nu’cem’ail = the very beautiful one. The same two prefixes form active participles: nu’fent = one who attacks forth, a frontier “raider”.
13. The plural is formed by the prefix zi’- before words which have the next vowel as e, i, ai; and zu’- before words which have the next vowel as a, o, u. Thus: bemb, zi’bemb. (door, doors) but sut, zu’sut. (fortress, fortresses). With verbs, the same prefix has the meaning of a repeated action: re zi’zeva = my seeings, or I see repeatedly, I keep seeing. When added to a word with adjectival meaning, this indicates a plurality of things or persons, e.g. zu’dur = good people, good things (no distinction between these as there is in the singular between nu’ and lu’).
14. The collective plural, i.e. a “group” of things, is formed by the prefix mi’- or mu’-, the vowel distinction being the same as with zi-/zu-. Thus zu’sut = a number of fortresses, several fortresses, some fortresses, but mu’sut = a group of fortresses, a ring of fortresses, etc. mu’kol = a group of towns.
15. The dual is shown by the prefix di’-, which can also mean “two.” An example: di’nyor = hands, two hands: re di’nyora = my hands (instead of zu’nyor, mu’nyor, since there are exactly two of them.) Similarly: di’fil = ears (from fil, ear.) di’nen = eyes (from nen, eye). di’xor = feet (from xor, foot). But also: di’dven = two girls, etc.
16. The plural pronouns are:
- a. mir, mur- (we): mire, mura, murou, miria, etc. following the rules for mu-/mi-.
- b. zin, zun- (you plural): zine, zuna, zunou, zinia, etc.
- c. zeg (they). zege, zega, zegou, zegia, invariable root.
17. The prefix le’- forms adjectives or nouns referring to a person having some thing or characteristic, while the prefix yi’- forms similar adjectives or nouns based on lacking something. Thus: le’svin, married (having a wife); a married man; yi’svin, unmarried (lacking a wife); a bachelor. This is the basis for the word le’rint, a warrior who rides a rint.
18. Most English prepositional phrases are translated into Leturian in the form of adjectives and adverbs. The endings are “from” (-t). “to” (-l) and “at” (-c). Thus re toula = my house, re toula’t = from my house, and re toula’l = to my house. As noted, these function as adjectives or adverbs and cause the word they are modifying to add the -i suffix. re toula’t lari. = the road from my house, re toula’l lari. = the road to my house. le toula’l, re kemia’ha. = I go to your house. If the word the ending is joined to does not end in a vowel, the endings are -ot, -ol, and -oc. For example: bemb’oc, at the door; bor’oc, at (on) the water; cim’ot, from the river; kveb’ol, to the shore.
19. There are a number of words which function as prepositions. For example, the word ken means “middle”; thus lare kena’c, in the middle of the road; lare kena’l, to the middle of the road; lare kena’t, to the middle of the road.
- ken - the middle of something
- mog - the inside of something
20. The prefix a- designates something in the past: re a’toula, my former house; re a’kena, I went.
21. mi = and also. eg = and then. dar = but, however
22. Family terminology: fen = father. nem = mother. nir = son.
23. Numbers.
- ned = one, single
- di- = two
- deg in counting; 3.
- sem, 4. karp
- 5. gong
- 6. teit
- 7. dxem
- 8. koln
- 9. lam
- 10. tud
- 11. tumined
- 12. tumideg
- 20. ditud
- 21. ditud mi ned
- 22. ditud mi deg
- 30. sem-tudi
- 31. sem-tudi mi ned, etc.
- nedo = first
- diyo = second
- semo = third
- karpo = fourth
- tudo = tenth
- sem-tudio = thirtieth, etc.
[24. “To be” in the case of two nouns. Generally expressed by a comma between the two things being equated. Gvir, re nema. = The woman is my mother. In the past tense, the word a is added. Gvir, a re nema. = The woman was my mother.]
25. Imperative. Lim + the phrase involved + ‘ha (yes) or ‘hel (no).
- Lim telpu rou’hel. = Do not strike me!
- Lim vobu rou’ha. = Look at me!
- Lim ge bina’ha. = May he/she reign, Let him/her reign.
- Lim re ceta’hel. = May I not die, Let me not die, Do not let me die.
26. ning = this. keng = that. ceng = what [sort of]?
28. Parts of the verb-noun.
- smen. = to give.
- smen. (noun) the act of giving. (verb) gives. (adjective) being given.
- asmen. (noun) the former act of giving. (verb) gave. (adjective) formerly given.
- smenod. (noun) the act of being given. (verb) is given.
- nusmen. (noun) the person who gives. (adjective) giving (animate).
- lusmen. (noun) the thing which gives. (adjective) giving (inanimate).
- smenesk. (noun) the thing given, a gift.
- smenulp. (noun) the act of causing to give. (verb) causes to give. (adjective) being caused to give.
- yismen. (adjective) not giving, ungiving.
- smenindx. (verb) to give a little bit.
- lindx. = a friend.
- lindx. (noun) a friend. (adjective) being a friend, pertaining to a friend.
- lindxod. (verb) is or becomes a friend. (noun) act of being or becoming a friend.
- alindx. (noun) former friend. (adjective) having formerly been a friend.
- yilindx. (adjective) without any friend.
- lelindx (adjective) with a friend, having friends.
- bat = dark.
- bat (noun) darkness, (adjective) dark, (verb) is dark.
- batod. (verb) becomes dark, darkens (noun) act of becoming dark, evening. (adjective) becoming dark.
- abatod. (verb) became dark, darkened (noun) former act of becoming dark. (adjective) having become dark.
- nubat. (noun) someone who is dark.
- lubat. (noun) something that is dark
- batulp. (verb) makes dark, (noun) the act of making dark, (adjective) being made dark, darkened.
- batail. (adjective) very dark. (noun) extreme darkness, (verb) is very dark.
- batindx. (adjective) a little bit dark. (noun) slight darkness, (verb) is a little dark.
- yibat. (adjective) without darkness, not dark, (noun) lack of darkness, (verb) is not dark.
- svilm = fur.
- svilm (noun) fur.
- svilmesk. (noun) something made of fur, (adjective) made of fur.
- yisvilm. (adjective) without fur, furless.
- lesvilm. (adjective) with fur, furry.
- lesvilmindx. (adjective) a little bit furry.
Leturian Phrases
- Dur kepi. = Good day.
- Dur laimi. = Good morning.
- Dur mani. = Good night.
- Le ceng kodia? = How are you? (What is your condition?)
- Re dur kodia’ha, dar le ceng kodia? = I am well, and how are you?
- Re dur kodia’hel. = I am not well.
- Lim le nepa’ha. = Farewell! (literally, May you be safe).
- Le ceng kuzia? = What is your name?
- Re kuza, ....’ha. = My name is .....
- Ceng mevi’t li? = Where are you from?
- ........’t ri’ha. = I am from .....
- Ceng mevi’c keremevai? = Where is the inn?
- Cei ning koli’c keremevai? = Is there an inn (a place to sleep) in this town?
- Ceng marbu kengou? = How much does that cost?
- Le cemaila’ha. = You are very pretty.
- Ceng marbu lou? = How much do you cost?
- keremeva. inn (for sleeping)
- slememeva. wine-house.
Leturian to Common Dictionary
The “East Leturian” dialect is considered standard. Variants in West Leturian: u --> i (sometimes), ou --> u. A vowel preceded by v (or l) in East Leturian is followed by u (or l) in West Leturian; and if the vowel is i, it corresponds to West Leturian e. Grammatical features are the same except that the -ou ending is -o in West Leturian. Orthographic variations: The system of transcription shown here is standard. However, the letter combination DX is sometimes transcribed as J, and TC as Q; thus jib (= dxib, doll), qid (= tcid, learn). Y, normally representing only a consonant, is sometimes used to represent the vowel normally shown in West Leturian by U and in East Leturian by I; thus dyn (=dun/din, black).
Leturian | Common | Root |
---|---|---|
a, a- | past-tense marker | |
baib | sausage | [from Igmerind pheeb] |
ban | land (property) | |
bat | dark, darkness | |
batod | darken, darkening, evening | |
beb | calm | |
beir | to assure; assurance | |
bel | lamp | |
bemb | door | |
bez | time | |
bict | stone | |
bifs | chair | |
bik | a person | |
bimp | (n) a guide | |
bimpod (v) to guide | ||
bin | to rule, reign | |
bingk | to assist, help | |
blaf [East Leturian balf] | earth, soil, dirt | |
blox [East Leturian bolx] | green | |
blin [East Leturian beln] | beer | [from Igmerind phlin] |
bok | smooth | |
boln | concern | |
bop | message | |
bor | water | |
borm | to starve | |
bost | full | |
bostulp | to fill | |
bov | iron | [from Igmerind pholph] |
bul (v) | to yell, cry out | |
bur | late, later | |
burkepi | afternoon | |
bux | busy | |
ca | conjunction: “which is”, “that”, etc | |
cak | hair | |
calt | cloak, coat | [from Igmerind shalta] |
cand | exact, precise | |
cark | kind, friendly | |
cei | question word, introduces a question | |
ceir | tall, height | |
cel | to rise; sunrise, East, eastern | |
cem | pretty | |
cembezi (ceng-bezi) | which time? | |
cembezic | when? | |
cemmevi, etc | - see cengevi, etc | |
ceng | what [sort of]?, which | |
cengevaisac | why? | |
cengevi (ceng-mevi) | which place | |
cengevic | where? | |
cengevil | whither? | |
cengevit | whence? | |
cengg | who? | |
cengk | to miss (someone) | |
cengkodic | how? | |
cet | death, to die | |
cigd | fast | |
Cigel | Leturian god | |
cilk | body | |
cilkenusta | fever | |
cilt | talk | |
cim | river | |
cimp | desire, want | |
cin | air | |
cingk | brother | |
cip (adj) | own, i.e "re cip dxivia, my own camp" | |
corb | to approve | |
dack | dragon | [from Igmerind dashkon] |
Dackemaza | Dragonrealm | |
dalb | to consider | |
dalg | cloth | |
dar | but | |
darb | to keep, retain, hire | |
darm | ability, able, capability, capable (darmu X-ou, capable of X) | |
darmulp | to enable | |
deg | “two” in counting | |
delm | to charm, to be charming | |
den | beauty, beautiful | |
denx | light, to glow | |
denz | fresh | |
der | neck | |
derb | king | |
derz | avoid | |
di- | two, dual prefix | |
dic | two-by-two, in a pair, etc | |
dikops | divide | |
dikopsemeva | border, frontier | |
dilz | accept | |
dimb | continue | |
dind | kind, sort | |
ding | cold | |
disk | part | |
ditum | twenty | |
divic | both | |
diz | bear (animal) | |
don | ask; question | |
dond | certain | |
dor | milk | |
dorb | a dress | |
dord (v) | to resist | |
doud [East Leturian dud] | brown | |
dozg | to fall | |
duc | to return | |
ducp | claw | |
dul | agree, agreement | |
dun [East Leturian din] | black | |
Dundackiemaza | The kingdom of Arangoth | |
dung | last, preceding | |
dungkepi, dungkepic | yesterday | |
dur [East Leturian dir] | good, to be good, goodness | |
dut | danger | |
dval [East Leturian daul] | travel, journey | |
dvar [East Leturian daur] | brave | |
dved [East Leturian deud] | to recommend | |
dveg [East Leturian deug] | a chicken | |
dven [East Leturian deun] | a girl | |
dvez [East Leturian deuz] | silk | |
dvifs [East Leturian deufs] | enough, ample | |
dvifsulp [East Leturian deufsulp] | compensate, compensation | |
dvim [East Leturian deum] | to govern, an area governed by someone, a province or principality; to keep under control, controlled | |
dving [East Leturian deung] | to tell a story, storytelling | |
dvit [East Leturian deut] | alarm; to raise the alarm, etc | |
dx- : Note | Initially, Leturian words did not begin with this sound, but under the influence of Igmerind, a number of Leturian words beginning tc- changed this to dx- | |
dxad | to reach | [tcad] |
dxag | to put | [tcag] |
dxair | music | [from Igmerind djeera] |
dxats | sword | [from Igmerind djattis] |
dxart | easy | [from Igmerind djarte] |
dxaz | to draw, pull | [tcaz] |
dxem | seven | [tcem] |
dxer | wet | [tcer] |
dxerindx | damp | |
dxib | doll | [tcib] |
dxid | soup | [from Igmerind djida] |
dxil | pure | [tcil] |
dxim | plum | [from Igmerind djima] |
dximesk | plum brandy | |
dxinf | to miss (a target etc) | [tcinf] |
dxing | garlic | [from Igmerind djinga] |
dxingk (v) | to take | [tcink] |
dxiv | camp | [tciv] |
dxod | pipe | [from Igmerind djauda] |
dxond | carpet | [from Igmerind djaundee] |
dxor | word | [tcor] |
dxot | cheap | [from Igmerind djaute] |
falt | decide, act of decision, etc | |
faltesk | a decision, a verdict | |
feg | to weep, cry | |
fem | to aim | |
femp | to rest | |
fen | father | |
fengk | bottle fent | to advance, esp |
fentevlana [East Leturian fentevalna] | an invasion; to invade | |
fer | great, large | |
ferod | grow | |
fidx | cabbage | [from Igmerind pidjee] |
fil | ear | |
fim | box | |
fin | to work | |
findx | cheese | [from Igmerind pindjee] |
fint | gate | |
fintc | important | |
firt | shame | |
fis | to choose, pick | |
fisp | to carry, bear | |
fitc | brush | |
fix | steam | |
flot [East Leturian folt] | butter | [from Igmerind plota] |
fob | the sun | |
fong | a pocket | |
fongk | a cripple | |
fongkulp | to cripple | |
forb | prince, princess | [from Igmerind porphon] |
forb- | intensifying prefix | [from Igmerind porphe] |
forblesp | excellent | [Igmerind porph-lesphe] |
forbsmen | to reward | |
forbtelm | good friend (?) | |
forg | to bother | |
forn | sky, heaven | |
fornebela | star (lamp of heaven) | |
fulb | rice | [from Igmerind pulphee] |
fulk [East Leturian filk] | yellow | |
fuln [East Leturian filn] | bright | |
fult [East Leturian filt] | thin | |
g- | he, she, it, him, her, his, hers, its | |
garm | to bind | |
gats | free, freedom | |
gendx | island | [from Igmerind gendjee] |
gent | animal | |
gentemeva | zoo | |
gid | to thank | |
gifs | await, wait for, expect | |
gig | nail | [from Igmerind giga] |
gim | happen | |
gimb | corner | |
gin | to wish | |
ging (v) | to pity | |
gingk | to alight, to dismount, disembark | |
glam [East Leturian galm] | a tower | |
glin [East Leturain geln] | face | |
gob | old | |
gog | stupid | |
gond | young | |
gong | five | |
gor | to go wrong; an accident | |
gord | to reflect | |
gorm | to desert, abandon | |
gult [East Leturian gilt] | village | |
gvand [East Leturian gaund] | to behave (well or badly) | |
gvek [East Leturian geuk] | to taste | |
gvet [East Leturian geut] | happy | |
gvilz [East Leturian geulz] | answer | |
gvinx [East Leturian geunx] | hall | |
gvir [East Leturian geur] | a woman | |
gvok [East Leturian gouk] | absence, absent, elsewhere | |
gvokod [East Leturian goukod] | disappear, vanish | |
Ikmirin | Suburb of Telmenena, its name is derived from that of a pre-Leturian people | (Igmerind) |
kack | afraid; to be afraid | |
kackulp | to frighten | |
kaif | military title, sometimes the governor of a frontier dvim | [From Igmerind keepon] |
kail | a comb | [From Igmerind keela] |
kaiz | to rejoice | [From Igmerind keesa] |
kakt | to burn | |
kaktulp | to light (a fire), to cause to burn | |
karp | four | |
kark | to owe | |
karkesk | a debt | |
keb | to visit | |
kein | jam, jelly | |
keinesk | A famous Leturian dessert | |
Kelemaza | Tollor, literally “the dominion of Kel [Ellure]" | |
kem | to go | |
kemb | to beg | |
kembezic | then, at that time | |
kemmevi, etc | - see kengevi, etc | |
ken | the middle of something, the belly | |
keneforga | hunger | |
keng | that thing over there | |
kengevi | that place over there | |
kengevic | over there | |
kengevil | thither | |
kengevit | thence | |
kengk | sour | |
kenkepi | noon, midday | |
kep | day, sunrise | |
keps | (cultivated) field | |
ker | to sleep, sleep | |
keremeva | inn | |
kerf | duel, spar | |
kerp | goose | |
kerz | to do something; activity | |
kesp | blade | |
kest | ache | |
Keulnesti | West Leturian name for Quilanesti (which is of Leturian origin) | See kvil- |
kilk | clean (adj) | |
kilkulp | to clean [something] | |
kindx | industrious, hard-working | |
kir | soap | |
klais [East Leturian kails] | juice; to squeeze | |
klem [East Leturian kelm] | strong, strength | |
kob | still, even yet | |
kod | condition, state | ceng kodi = how [are you]? |
kog | valley | |
kol | a town | |
kolk | stick (n) | |
kolm | deserve | |
koln | eight | |
kops | to cut | |
kopsod | to harvest | |
kult | to appear, to show up somewhere | |
kun | proud, pride | |
kund | to succeed | |
kunx | safe | |
kup | voice | |
kur | a wall | |
kuresespa | window | |
kuz | a name, to be called | |
kveb [East Leturian keub] | shore | [From Igmerind whepha] |
kvil [East Leturian keul] | Elf, inhabitant of Quilanesti | [From Igmerind whilon] |
kvix [East Leturian keux] | wolf | [From Igmerind whizhon] |
lab | sharp | |
lad | (adj) empty | |
ladulp (v) | to empty | |
ladx | still, unmoving | |
laim | morning; (2) towel | |
laimp (v) | to meet | |
lain | a tongue, a language | |
lam | nine | |
lang | nose | |
lar | a road | |
larb | a poem | |
larbulp | to recite a poem | |
lark | usual | |
larp | a step | |
le- | forms adjectives having the meaning a person “with” some characteristic | |
leb | thirst | |
lec | to remove | |
lecet | dead | |
lecetod | to die | |
lecilkenusta | feverish | |
ledut | dangerous | |
lekeneforga | hungry | |
leleb | thirsty | |
lemir | a person | |
leng | that thing there by you | |
lengevi | there by you | |
lenilm | healthy | |
lerg | lake, pond | |
lesmiz | honorable, faithful | |
lesp | excellent | [from Igmerind lesphe] |
leur [East Leturian only] | a provincial leader (female) | |
leyeik | powerful | |
leyein | icy | |
leyort | peaceful | |
lifs | an arm | |
lindx | friend | |
lindxulp | befriend | |
lirm | pale | |
lirmod | to turn pale | |
lu- | “something that is” + adjective | |
ludximesk | plum brandy | |
lu’neilm | a medicine | |
lu’pur [East Leturian lupir] | a circle or sphere; a territorial unit in East Leturia; a wheel | |
lu’seft (n) | a cover, lid | |
lutcar (n) | a letter, something sent | |
lutolt (n) | a table | |
lu’xeb | a desert: the “dry thing” | |
luyinilmulp | poison | |
mad | actual, in person, none other than | |
mag | worthy, worthiness | |
man | night | |
mar | white | |
marb | the price or cost of something | [From Igmerind marphee] |
maz | a sovereign state, a “land”, a dominion, (v) to be the ruler of a sovereign state | |
mazesemba | map | |
medx | small, little | |
meif | to eat | |
meik | to represent | |
meir | long | |
mek (n) | smoke | |
men | to kill | |
mer | a port | [From Igmerind mer] |
merb | true | |
mev | a place | ceng mevi = where |
mi | and also | |
mi- | collective prefix | |
mic | together | |
mid | bridge | |
mifs | bet | |
mig | a stranger | |
migim | history | |
mil | to join oneself to, to marry | |
milb | a shell | |
mild | to vary | |
milg | to wish | |
milulp | to join [something to another thing] | |
mim | life; to live | |
minf | sudden | |
mingk | honey | |
mint | kiss | |
minz | other | |
minzpod | translate | |
mir | soul | |
mod | a legal court; to try someone (at court) | |
mog | the inside of something | |
mond | seat | |
moul [East Leturian mul] | a duck | |
moux [East Leturian mux] | griffon | [From Igmerind mushon] |
mu- | collective prefix | |
mudalg | clothing | |
Mumoux [East Leturian Mumux] | Griffon’s Aerie | |
n- | you, your | |
nain | to settle, to set (the sun), sunset, the West, the end of something, the fall of a dynasty | |
Nainfenti | the westernmost province of Leturia | |
narm | forget | |
nart | bed | |
naz (v) | to rise | |
nazulp (v) | to raise | |
neb | palace, grand house | |
nebbezi [East Leturian ned-bezi] | sometime | |
ned | one, some, any | |
nedo | first | |
nedx | sugar | [From Igmerind nedjee] |
nef | laugh | |
neft | to yawn | |
neg | to think, a thought | |
negg [East Leturian ned-g] | someone | |
neilm | to cure, heal | |
neit | half | |
nel | to watch | |
nelm | always, constant | |
nelt | trunk of a tree | |
nem | mother | |
nedmevi | somewhere | |
neg | year | |
nek | sad | |
nen | eye | |
nend | side | |
nenelusefta | eyelid | |
nep | to be safe, safety | |
neps | to throw | |
nest | forest | |
netinfi [East Leturian ned-tinfi] | several | |
nev | something resembling something else | nevu gou = something like him/her/it |
nick | deceptively beguiling; sirenlike | [from Igmerind nishke] |
nifs | to admire, admiration | |
niks | sandal | |
nilb | street | |
nild | discuss | |
nilm | health | |
nim | red | |
nimbezi | this time | |
nimbezic | now | |
nimmevi, etc | see ningevi | |
nimod | blush | |
nind | presence, being somewhere, to be present | |
ninf | shoe | |
ning | this thing here | |
ningevaisac | therefore | |
ningevi [East Leturian ning-mevi] | this place | |
ningevic | here | |
ningevil | hither | |
ningevit | hence | |
ningk | left (as opposed to right) | |
ningkepi, ningkepic | today | |
nir | son | |
nis | to smell | |
nit | to pierce | |
nod | sea, ocean | |
nong | burden | |
norb | to permit, allow | |
nord | to begin, start | |
norf | ugly | |
nork | warm | |
nost | area around something | ge nosta’c — around it |
nu- | “someone who is” + adjective, or “someone who does” + verb | |
nudx | explain, explanation | |
nu’fent | a frontier raider | |
nularbulp | poet | |
nulm | awake | |
nulmod | to wake up, become awake | |
nu’mil | groom (at a wedding) | |
nu’neilm | healer, doctor | |
nu’maz | ruler, sovereign | |
nupoub [East Leturian nupub] | berserker, crazy person | |
nur | worm | |
nurt | the area above something | ge nurta’c = above it |
nu’snul’ail | drunken, intoxicated | |
nust | hot, heat | |
nutcid | student | |
nutcidulp | teacher | |
nuvling [East Leturian nuviln] | servant | |
nyac | deny | |
nyarz | difference | |
nyeb | chaos, anarchy, disarray | |
nyeiz | mountain | |
nyel | heart | |
nyet | (n) esteem, (adj) esteemed | |
nyetulp (v) | to esteem | |
nyex | believe | |
nyim | meadow, (uncultivated) field | |
nyiz | high up | |
nyongk | to announce, announcement | |
nyor | hand | |
nyun | early Leturian (female) title | |
pad | slow | |
pald | god | |
palk | to sew | |
palp | child | |
pant | egg | |
parb | often, frequent | |
parn | rose | |
pelg | an apple | |
pelgesk | cider | |
peng | next | |
pengkepi, [East Leturian pengkepic] | tomorrow | |
pex | to borrow | |
pilf | to lend, to loan (to someone) | |
pim | to sit | |
pind | rank, status | |
pingk | to catch | |
plim [East Leturian pilm] | to swim | |
pling [East Leturian piln] | tooth | |
plox [East Leturian polx] | tidy | |
pob | broad | |
pod | to say | |
pof | strange | |
pok | silver | |
pong | hill | |
pont | storm | |
ponx | deep | |
pord | to touch | |
porm | money | [From Igmerind boroma, name of a coin] |
pormefonga | purse | |
porp | to wash | |
poub [East Leturian pub] | crazed, wild | |
poulg [East Leturian pulg] | chance | |
pouz [East Leturian puz] | meat, flesh | |
pur [East Leturian pir] | round, circular | |
r- | I, me, my | |
rab | to smile | |
raid | bride | |
raig | sack | |
reim | get, receive | |
rem | many | |
Renggof | The continent of Arangoth | (from mispronunciation of the name, i.e Arenggof) |
Renggof rinti | horse | Arangothian rint |
ril | to shine, shiny | |
ring | origin; root | |
rint | name of an animal used for transportation | |
roup [East Leturian rup] | to hurt, to feel bad; pain, painful | |
roupulp [East Leturian rupulp] | to hurt someone | |
saib | luck, fortune | |
sandx | to hear, hearing | |
sangk | cake | |
sar | South | |
sarb (v) | to perform | |
sard (v) | to write | |
sazb | fat | |
seft (v) | to cover | |
seftulp (v) | to paint | |
seftulpesk (n) | paint | |
seim | fountain | |
seis (n) | point | |
seit (v) | to be sorry | |
sekka | name of the brass armor worn by frontier raiders, and which is imported from Secca | |
sem | three | |
semb | picture | |
sen (v) | to strive | |
ser- | prefix which indicates something is female | |
serd | wide | |
serk | escape | |
serm | to regret | |
sernuvling [East Leturian sernuviln] | servant-girl | |
serz | to seek, look for | |
sesp | hole | |
Sibdar | a non-Leturian nomadic tribe in the West | |
sict | choice, to choose | |
sig | fair (decision, etc) | |
silf | dance | |
silm | fair-haired, blonde | |
silp | bewitch, enchant | |
silpesk | magical spell | |
sint | a boy | |
sinx | an acquaintance | |
siz | only | |
slaf [East Leturian salf] | boring | |
slaik [East Leturian sailk] | leather, skin | |
sleb [East Leturian selb] | weather | |
slem [East Leturian selm] | wine | |
sman | gray; (2) to offer | |
smar | velvet | |
smec | to sing | |
smeif | joke | |
smen | to give | |
smenesk | a gift; pay, salary | |
smib (v) | to show | |
smid (v) | to use | |
smin | daughter | |
smiz | honor, faith | |
smod | to run | |
snad | board (of wood), plank | |
snic | a charm | |
snim | to bring | |
sning | to buy | |
sningemeva | market | |
snir | governor | |
snon | command, order | |
snos | knife | |
snul | drink | |
sorb | chain | |
sov | husband | |
sulv | to bow | |
sum [East Leturian sim] | a lock | |
sut [East Leturian sit] | a fortress | |
svang [East Leturian saung] | a feather | |
svarb [East Leturian saurb] | a scarf or kerchief | |
sver [East Leturian seur] | head; leader; (adj) main, principal | |
sverkoli | capital, ‘main town' | |
svilm [East Leturian seulm] | fur | |
svin [East Leturian seun] | a wife | |
sved [East Leturian seud] | to alter, change something | |
taf | to read | |
taig | a hot beverage somewhat like very strong coffee | |
tail | beach | |
taiz | book | |
taizetoula [East Leturian taizetula] | library (building) | |
tand | flaw | |
tar | arrow | |
tark (v) | to roll | |
tats | break | |
tcait (v) | to need | |
tcaiz | a tree | |
tcaizesk | wood | |
tcand | gang | |
tcangk | noise | |
tcar (v) | to send | |
tceb | hammer | |
tcerk | sweet | |
tcez | mean, signify; meaning | |
tcid | learn | |
tcidulp | teach | |
tcob | to turn into something, to morph | |
tcok | ready | |
tein | to cook | |
teinemeva | kitchen | |
teit | six | |
tel | dream | |
telb | stolen; to steal | |
teld | to pass, pass down, be inherited by | |
telk | to cease | |
telm | blue | |
telp | to strike, striking, a blow | |
terp | see trimp | |
tib | a pea | |
tim | dirty | |
tinf | number | |
tintc | wild, untamed | |
tisk | short | |
tisp (n) | mind | |
tispxev (v) | understand | |
tist (v) | to weave | |
todx (n) | a guard | |
todxod (v) | to guard | |
tok | jump, leap | |
tolt | to stand | |
tolx | sleepy | |
torb | family | |
tord (v) | to wear away | |
tork (v) | to move | |
torx | blind | |
toul [East Leturian tul] | house | |
traz [East Leturian tarz] | basket | |
trid [East Leturian terd] | to urge | |
trimp [East Leturian terp] | bow (for arrows) | |
triz [East Leturian terz] | swan | |
tud | ten | |
tumi- | forms the ‘dozens,’ e.g tumined = eleven, tumigong = fifteen, etc | [from tud mi = “ten and”] |
tur | tail | |
vaic | entire, whole, complete | |
vaif (n) | harm | |
vaifulp (v) | to harm | |
vais | reason why | ge vaisac = because of him/her/it, ningevaisac = therefore |
vang | narrow | |
varb | to make | |
varg | to tell, inform | |
varx | mood | |
veb | to add | |
ved | a station or post | |
veg | to interrupt | |
veir | possible, possibility | |
vest | to build | |
vic | all, every | |
vilg | satin | |
vind | to wear (clothing etc) | |
visk | to roast | |
vist | real | |
vlan [East Leturian valn] | enter, entrance | |
vleim [East Leturian veilm] | leg | |
vleix [East Leturian veilx] | hope | |
vling [East Leturian viln] | to serve | |
vlingpormi [East Leturian vilnpormi] | a tip | |
vlod [East Leturian vold] | same | |
vlop [East Leturian volp] | to report | |
vlor [East Leturian volar] | north | |
vob | to look at | |
vond | boat | |
vong | bell | |
vour [East Leturian vur] | cause | |
vrim [East Leturian verm] | to intend | |
vrin [East Leturian vern] | to dig | |
vulm | cloud | |
vumb [East Leturian vimb] | to depart, leave | |
vur | supreme, highest | |
xac | know | |
xaid | to arrive | |
xangk | to appear, come into sight | |
xeb | dry; a desert | |
xem | surrender, give up, exchange | |
xen | mouth | |
xer | to bear (a child) | |
xid | to speak | |
xig | a shop | |
xin | star | |
xingk | to mention | |
xird | a man | |
xor | a foot | |
xour [East Leturian xur] | to walk | |
xoz | a talon | [from Igmerind zhoza] |
yair | gratitude | |
yarb | ashamed | |
yarg | damp | |
yarm | forgive, absolve | |
yarp (v) | to hold | |
yedx | law | |
yeik | power | |
yein | ice | |
yenz | introduce | |
yep | soon | |
yicak | bald | |
yiderulp | to behead | |
yidxil | impure | |
yikindx | lazy | |
yiklem [East Leturian yikelm] | weak | |
yin | to come | |
yinf | to boil | |
yingk | to point | |
yinilm | ill, illness, sick, sickness, disease | |
yinilmod | to get sick, sicken, become ill | |
yiril | dull | |
yirm | to open | |
yirn | soft | |
yisandx | deaf | |
yitand | perfect, flawless | |
yitcangk | quiet, silent | |
yiveir | impossible | |
yixev | blind | |
yixour [East Leturian yixur] | lame | |
yixourulp [East Leturian yixurulp] | to maim | |
yizd | example | |
yizdoc | for example | |
yob | the wind | |
yolc | difficult | |
yolm | distant, far | |
yongk | to alter or change (oneself); to undergo a change | |
yont | early | |
yontkepi | morning, forenoon | |
yorb | to amuse, entertain | |
yorn | a mistake | |
yort | peace | |
Yosp | a non-Leturian nomadic tribe in the West | |
yulp | bath, to bathe | |
yult | amazed | |
zal | shadow | |
zamb | host | |
zarp | color | |
zat (n) | result | |
zatod (v) | to result | |
zeimp | garden | |
zeimpesk | vegetable | |
zeir (v) | to search | |
zelm | clever | |
zemb | liver | |
zert | key | [from Igmerind sertee] |
zev | seeing, sight, to see | |
zi- | plural prefix | |
zilt | new | |
zimp | salt | [from Igmerind simbee] |
zind | letter; leaf | |
zingk | to tell an untruth, to lie | |
zingkesk | a lie, a fib | |
zint | bean | |
zorb | sparkle | |
zord | awful | |
zu- | plural prefix | |
zun | bread | [from Igmerind suna] |
Common to Leturian Dictionary
Common | Leturian | Root |
---|---|---|
past-tense marker | a, a- | |
sausage | baib | [from Igmerind pheeb] |
land (property) | ban | |
dark, darkness | bat | |
darken, darkening, evening | batod | |
calm | beb | |
to assure; assurance | beir | |
lamp | bel | |
door | bemb | |
time | bez | |
stone | bict | |
chair | bifs | |
a person | bik | |
(n) a guide | bimp | |
bimpod (v) to guide | ||
to rule, reign | bin | |
to assist, help | bingk | |
earth, soil, dirt | blaf [East Leturian balf] | |
green | blox [East Leturian bolx] | |
beer | blin [East Leturian beln] | [from Igmerind phlin] |
smooth | bok | |
concern | boln | |
message | bop | |
water | bor | |
to starve | borm | |
full | bost | |
to fill | bostulp | |
iron | bov | [from Igmerind pholph] |
to yell, cry out | bul (v) | |
late, later | bur | |
afternoon | burkepi | |
busy | bux | |
conjunction: “which is”, “that”, etc | ca | |
hair | cak | |
cloak, coat | calt | [from Igmerind shalta] |
exact, precise | cand | |
kind, friendly | cark | |
question word, introduces a question | cei | |
tall, height | ceir | |
to rise; sunrise, East, eastern | cel | |
pretty | cem | |
which time? | cembezi (ceng-bezi) | |
when? | cembezic | |
- see cengevi, etc | cemmevi, etc | |
what [sort of]?, which | ceng | |
why? | cengevaisac | |
which place | cengevi (ceng-mevi) | |
where? | cengevic | |
whither? | cengevil | |
whence? | cengevit | |
who? | cengg | |
to miss (someone) | cengk | |
how? | cengkodic | |
death, to die | cet | |
fast | cigd | |
Leturian god | Cigel | |
body | cilk | |
fever | cilkenusta | |
talk | cilt | |
river | cim | |
desire, want | cimp | |
air | cin | |
brother | cingk | |
own, i.e "re cip dxivia | my own camp""" | cip (adj) |
to approve | corb | |
dragon | dack | [from Igmerind dashkon] |
Dragonrealm | Dackemaza | |
to consider | dalb | |
cloth | dalg | |
but | dar | |
to keep, retain, hire | darb | |
ability, able, capability, capable (darmu X-ou, capable of X) | darm | |
to enable | darmulp | |
“two” in counting | deg | |
to charm, to be charming | delm | |
beauty, beautiful | den | |
light, to glow | denx | |
fresh | denz | |
neck | der | |
king | derb | |
avoid | derz | |
two, dual prefix | di- | |
two-by-two, in a pair, etc | dic | |
divide | dikops | |
border, frontier | dikopsemeva | |
accept | dilz | |
continue | dimb | |
kind, sort | dind | |
cold | ding | |
part | disk | |
twenty | ditum | |
both | divic | |
bear (animal) | diz | |
ask; question | don | |
certain | dond | |
milk | dor | |
a dress | dorb | |
to resist | dord (v) | |
brown | doud [East Leturian dud] | |
to fall | dozg | |
to return | duc | |
claw | ducp | |
agree, agreement | dul | |
black | dun [East Leturian din] | |
The kingdom of Arangoth | Dundackiemaza | |
last, preceding | dung | |
yesterday | dungkepi, dungkepic | |
good, to be good, goodness | dur [East Leturian dir] | |
danger | dut | |
travel, journey | dval [East Leturian daul] | |
brave | dvar [East Leturian daur] | |
to recommend | dved [East Leturian deud] | |
a chicken | dveg [East Leturian deug] | |
a girl | dven [East Leturian deun] | |
silk | dvez [East Leturian deuz] | |
enough, ample | dvifs [East Leturian deufs] | |
compensate, compensation | dvifsulp [East Leturian deufsulp] | |
to govern, an area governed by someone, a province or principality; to keep under control, controlled | dvim [East Leturian deum] | |
to tell a story, storytelling | dving [East Leturian deung] | |
alarm; to raise the alarm, etc | dvit [East Leturian deut] | |
Initially, Leturian words did not begin with this sound, but under the influence of Igmerind, a number of Leturian words beginning tc- changed this to dx- | dx- : Note | |
to reach | dxad | [tcad] |
to put | dxag | [tcag] |
music | dxair | [from Igmerind djeera] |
sword | dxats | [from Igmerind djattis] |
easy | dxart | [from Igmerind djarte] |
to draw, pull | dxaz | [tcaz] |
seven | dxem | [tcem] |
wet | dxer | [tcer] |
damp | dxerindx | |
doll | dxib | [tcib] |
soup | dxid | [from Igmerind djida] |
pure | dxil | [tcil] |
plum | dxim | [from Igmerind djima] |
plum brandy | dximesk | |
to miss (a target etc) | dxinf | [tcinf] |
garlic | dxing | [from Igmerind djinga] |
to take | dxingk (v) | [tcink] |
camp | dxiv | [tciv] |
pipe | dxod | [from Igmerind djauda] |
carpet | dxond | [from Igmerind djaundee] |
word | dxor | [tcor] |
cheap | dxot | [from Igmerind djaute] |
decide, act of decision, etc | falt | |
a decision, a verdict | faltesk | |
to weep, cry | feg | |
to aim | fem | |
to rest | femp | |
father | fen | |
bottle fent | fengk | to advance, esp |
an invasion; to invade | fentevlana [East Leturian fentevalna] | |
great, large | fer | |
grow | ferod | |
cabbage | fidx | [from Igmerind pidjee] |
ear | fil | |
box | fim | |
to work | fin | |
cheese | findx | [from Igmerind pindjee] |
gate | fint | |
important | fintc | |
shame | firt | |
to choose, pick | fis | |
to carry, bear | fisp | |
brush | fitc | |
steam | fix | |
butter | flot [East Leturian folt] | [from Igmerind plota] |
the sun | fob | |
a pocket | fong | |
a cripple | fongk | |
to cripple | fongkulp | |
prince, princess | forb | [from Igmerind porphon] |
intensifying prefix | forb- | [from Igmerind porphe] |
excellent | forblesp | [Igmerind porph-lesphe] |
to reward | forbsmen | |
good friend (?) | forbtelm | |
to bother | forg | |
sky, heaven | forn | |
star (lamp of heaven) | fornebela | |
rice | fulb | [from Igmerind pulphee] |
yellow | fulk [East Leturian filk] | |
bright | fuln [East Leturian filn] | |
thin | fult [East Leturian filt] | |
he, she, it, him, her, his, hers, its | g- | |
to bind | garm | |
free, freedom | gats | |
island | gendx | [from Igmerind gendjee] |
animal | gent | |
zoo | gentemeva | |
to thank | gid | |
await, wait for, expect | gifs | |
nail | gig | [from Igmerind giga] |
happen | gim | |
corner | gimb | |
to wish | gin | |
to pity | ging (v) | |
to alight, to dismount, disembark | gingk | |
a tower | glam [East Leturian galm] | |
face | glin [East Leturain geln] | |
old | gob | |
stupid | gog | |
young | gond | |
five | gong | |
to go wrong; an accident | gor | |
to reflect | gord | |
to desert, abandon | gorm | |
village | gult [East Leturian gilt] | |
to behave (well or badly) | gvand [East Leturian gaund] | |
to taste | gvek [East Leturian geuk] | |
happy | gvet [East Leturian geut] | |
answer | gvilz [East Leturian geulz] | |
hall | gvinx [East Leturian geunx] | |
a woman | gvir [East Leturian geur] | |
absence, absent, elsewhere | gvok [East Leturian gouk] | |
disappear, vanish | gvokod [East Leturian goukod] | |
Suburb of Telmenena, its name is derived from that of a pre-Leturian people | Ikmirin | (Igmerind) |
afraid; to be afraid | kack | |
to frighten | kackulp | |
military title, sometimes the governor of a frontier dvim | kaif | [From Igmerind keepon] |
a comb | kail | [From Igmerind keela] |
to rejoice | kaiz | [From Igmerind keesa] |
to burn | kakt | |
to light (a fire), to cause to burn | kaktulp | |
four | karp | |
to owe | kark | |
a debt | karkesk | |
to visit | keb | |
jam, jelly | kein | |
A famous Leturian dessert | keinesk | |
Tollor, literally “the dominion of Kel [Ellure]"" | Kelemaza | |
to go | kem | |
to beg | kemb | |
then, at that time | kembezic | |
- see kengevi, etc | kemmevi, etc | |
the middle of something, the belly | ken | |
hunger | keneforga | |
that thing over there | keng | |
that place over there | kengevi | |
over there | kengevic | |
thither | kengevil | |
thence | kengevit | |
sour | kengk | |
noon, midday | kenkepi | |
day, sunrise | kep | |
(cultivated) field | keps | |
to sleep, sleep | ker | |
inn | keremeva | |
duel, spar | kerf | |
goose | kerp | |
to do something; activity | kerz | |
blade | kesp | |
ache | kest | |
West Leturian name for Quilanesti (which is of Leturian origin) | Keulnesti | See kvil- |
clean (adj) | kilk | |
to clean [something] | kilkulp | |
industrious, hard-working | kindx | |
soap | kir | |
juice; to squeeze | klais [East Leturian kails] | |
strong, strength | klem [East Leturian kelm] | |
still, even yet | kob | |
condition, state | kod | ceng kodi = how [are you]? |
valley | kog | |
a town | kol | |
stick (n) | kolk | |
deserve | kolm | |
eight | koln | |
to cut | kops | |
to harvest | kopsod | |
to appear, to show up somewhere | kult | |
proud, pride | kun | |
to succeed | kund | |
safe | kunx | |
voice | kup | |
a wall | kur | |
window | kuresespa | |
a name, to be called | kuz | |
shore | kveb [East Leturian keub] | [From Igmerind whepha] |
Elf, inhabitant of Quilanesti | kvil [East Leturian keul] | [From Igmerind whilon] |
wolf | kvix [East Leturian keux] | [From Igmerind whizhon] |
sharp | lab | |
(adj) empty | lad | |
to empty | ladulp (v) | |
still, unmoving | ladx | |
morning; (2) towel | laim | |
to meet | laimp (v) | |
a tongue, a language | lain | |
nine | lam | |
nose | lang | |
a road | lar | |
a poem | larb | |
to recite a poem | larbulp | |
usual | lark | |
a step | larp | |
forms adjectives having the meaning a person “with” some characteristic | le- | |
thirst | leb | |
to remove | lec | |
dead | lecet | |
to die | lecetod | |
feverish | lecilkenusta | |
dangerous | ledut | |
hungry | lekeneforga | |
thirsty | leleb | |
a person | lemir | |
that thing there by you | leng | |
there by you | lengevi | |
healthy | lenilm | |
lake, pond | lerg | |
honorable, faithful | lesmiz | |
excellent | lesp | [from Igmerind lesphe] |
a provincial leader (female) | leur [East Leturian only] | |
powerful | leyeik | |
icy | leyein | |
peaceful | leyort | |
an arm | lifs | |
friend | lindx | |
befriend | lindxulp | |
pale | lirm | |
to turn pale | lirmod | |
“something that is” + adjective | lu- | |
plum brandy | ludximesk | |
a medicine | lu’neilm | |
a circle or sphere; a territorial unit in East Leturia; a wheel | lu’pur [East Leturian lupir] | |
a cover, lid | lu’seft (n) | |
a letter, something sent | lutcar (n) | |
a table | lutolt (n) | |
a desert: the “dry thing” | lu’xeb | |
poison | luyinilmulp | |
actual, in person, none other than | mad | |
worthy, worthiness | mag | |
night | man | |
white | mar | |
the price or cost of something | marb | [From Igmerind marphee] |
a sovereign state, a “land”, a dominion, (v) to be the ruler of a sovereign state | maz | |
map | mazesemba | |
small, little | medx | |
to eat | meif | |
to represent | meik | |
long | meir | |
smoke | mek (n) | |
to kill | men | |
a port | mer | [From Igmerind mer] |
true | merb | |
a place | mev | ceng mevi = where |
and also | mi | |
collective prefix | mi- | |
together | mic | |
bridge | mid | |
bet | mifs | |
a stranger | mig | |
history | migim | |
to join oneself to, to marry | mil | |
a shell | milb | |
to vary | mild | |
to wish | milg | |
to join [something to another thing] | milulp | |
life; to live | mim | |
sudden | minf | |
honey | mingk | |
kiss | mint | |
other | minz | |
translate | minzpod | |
soul | mir | |
a legal court; to try someone (at court) | mod | |
the inside of something | mog | |
seat | mond | |
a duck | moul [East Leturian mul] | |
griffon | moux [East Leturian mux] | [From Igmerind mushon] |
collective prefix | mu- | |
clothing | mudalg | |
Griffon’s Aerie | Mumoux [East Leturian Mumux] | |
you, your | n- | |
to settle, to set (the sun), sunset, the West, the end of something, the fall of a dynasty | nain | |
the westernmost province of Leturia | Nainfenti | |
forget | narm | |
bed | nart | |
to rise | naz (v) | |
to raise | nazulp (v) | |
palace, grand house | neb | |
sometime | nebbezi [East Leturian ned-bezi] | |
one, some, any | ned | |
first | nedo | |
sugar | nedx | [From Igmerind nedjee] |
laugh | nef | |
to yawn | neft | |
to think, a thought | neg | |
someone | negg [East Leturian ned-g] | |
to cure, heal | neilm | |
half | neit | |
to watch | nel | |
always, constant | nelm | |
trunk of a tree | nelt | |
mother | nem | |
somewhere | nedmevi | |
year | neg | |
sad | nek | |
eye | nen | |
side | nend | |
eyelid | nenelusefta | |
to be safe, safety | nep | |
to throw | neps | |
forest | nest | |
several | netinfi [East Leturian ned-tinfi] | |
something resembling something else | nev | nevu gou = something like him/her/it |
deceptively beguiling; sirenlike | nick | [from Igmerind nishke] |
to admire, admiration | nifs | |
sandal | niks | |
street | nilb | |
discuss | nild | |
health | nilm | |
red | nim | |
this time | nimbezi | |
now | nimbezic | |
see ningevi | nimmevi, etc | |
blush | nimod | |
presence, being somewhere, to be present | nind | |
shoe | ninf | |
this thing here | ning | |
therefore | ningevaisac | |
this place | ningevi [East Leturian ning-mevi] | |
here | ningevic | |
hither | ningevil | |
hence | ningevit | |
left (as opposed to right) | ningk | |
today | ningkepi, ningkepic | |
son | nir | |
to smell | nis | |
to pierce | nit | |
sea, ocean | nod | |
burden | nong | |
to permit, allow | norb | |
to begin, start | nord | |
ugly | norf | |
warm | nork | |
area around something | nost | ge nosta’c — around it |
“someone who is” + adjective, or “someone who does” + verb | nu- | |
explain, explanation | nudx | |
a frontier raider | nu’fent | |
poet | nularbulp | |
awake | nulm | |
to wake up, become awake | nulmod | |
groom (at a wedding) | nu’mil | |
healer, doctor | nu’neilm | |
ruler, sovereign | nu’maz | |
berserker, crazy person | nupoub [East Leturian nupub] | |
worm | nur | |
the area above something | nurt | ge nurta’c = above it |
drunken, intoxicated | nu’snul’ail | |
hot, heat | nust | |
student | nutcid | |
teacher | nutcidulp | |
servant | nuvling [East Leturian nuviln] | |
deny | nyac | |
difference | nyarz | |
chaos, anarchy, disarray | nyeb | |
mountain | nyeiz | |
heart | nyel | |
(n) esteem, (adj) esteemed | nyet | |
to esteem | nyetulp (v) | |
believe | nyex | |
meadow, (uncultivated) field | nyim | |
high up | nyiz | |
to announce, announcement | nyongk | |
hand | nyor | |
early Leturian (female) title | nyun | |
slow | pad | |
god | pald | |
to sew | palk | |
child | palp | |
egg | pant | |
often, frequent | parb | |
rose | parn | |
an apple | pelg | |
cider | pelgesk | |
next | peng | |
tomorrow | pengkepi, [East Leturian pengkepic] | |
to borrow | pex | |
to lend, to loan (to someone) | pilf | |
to sit | pim | |
rank, status | pind | |
to catch | pingk | |
to swim | plim [East Leturian pilm] | |
tooth | pling [East Leturian piln] | |
tidy | plox [East Leturian polx] | |
broad | pob | |
to say | pod | |
strange | pof | |
silver | pok | |
hill | pong | |
storm | pont | |
deep | ponx | |
to touch | pord | |
money | porm | [From Igmerind boroma, name of a coin] |
purse | pormefonga | |
to wash | porp | |
crazed, wild | poub [East Leturian pub] | |
chance | poulg [East Leturian pulg] | |
meat, flesh | pouz [East Leturian puz] | |
round, circular | pur [East Leturian pir] | |
I, me, my | r- | |
to smile | rab | |
bride | raid | |
sack | raig | |
get, receive | reim | |
many | rem | |
The continent of Arangoth | Renggof | (from mispronunciation of the name, i.e Arenggof) |
horse | Renggof rinti | Arangothian rint |
to shine, shiny | ril | |
origin; root | ring | |
name of an animal used for transportation | rint | |
to hurt, to feel bad; pain, painful | roup [East Leturian rup] | |
to hurt someone | roupulp [East Leturian rupulp] | |
luck, fortune | saib | |
to hear, hearing | sandx | |
cake | sangk | |
South | sar | |
to perform | sarb (v) | |
to write | sard (v) | |
fat | sazb | |
to cover | seft (v) | |
to paint | seftulp (v) | |
paint | seftulpesk (n) | |
fountain | seim | |
point | seis (n) | |
to be sorry | seit (v) | |
name of the brass armor worn by frontier raiders, and which is imported from Secca | sekka | |
three | sem | |
picture | semb | |
to strive | sen (v) | |
prefix which indicates something is female | ser- | |
wide | serd | |
escape | serk | |
to regret | serm | |
servant-girl | sernuvling [East Leturian sernuviln] | |
to seek, look for | serz | |
hole | sesp | |
a non-Leturian nomadic tribe in the West | Sibdar | |
choice, to choose | sict | |
fair (decision, etc) | sig | |
dance | silf | |
fair-haired, blonde | silm | |
bewitch, enchant | silp | |
magical spell | silpesk | |
a boy | sint | |
an acquaintance | sinx | |
only | siz | |
boring | slaf [East Leturian salf] | |
leather, skin | slaik [East Leturian sailk] | |
weather | sleb [East Leturian selb] | |
wine | slem [East Leturian selm] | |
gray; (2) to offer | sman | |
velvet | smar | |
to sing | smec | |
joke | smeif | |
to give | smen | |
a gift; pay, salary | smenesk | |
to show | smib (v) | |
to use | smid (v) | |
daughter | smin | |
honor, faith | smiz | |
to run | smod | |
board (of wood), plank | snad | |
a charm | snic | |
to bring | snim | |
to buy | sning | |
market | sningemeva | |
governor | snir | |
command, order | snon | |
knife | snos | |
drink | snul | |
chain | sorb | |
husband | sov | |
to bow | sulv | |
a lock | sum [East Leturian sim] | |
a fortress | sut [East Leturian sit] | |
a feather | svang [East Leturian saung] | |
a scarf or kerchief | svarb [East Leturian saurb] | |
head; leader; (adj) main, principal | sver [East Leturian seur] | |
capital, ‘main town' | sverkoli | |
fur | svilm [East Leturian seulm] | |
a wife | svin [East Leturian seun] | |
to alter, change something | sved [East Leturian seud] | |
to read | taf | |
a hot beverage somewhat like very strong coffee | taig | |
beach | tail | |
book | taiz | |
library (building) | taizetoula [East Leturian taizetula] | |
flaw | tand | |
arrow | tar | |
to roll | tark (v) | |
break | tats | |
to need | tcait (v) | |
a tree | tcaiz | |
wood | tcaizesk | |
gang | tcand | |
noise | tcangk | |
to send | tcar (v) | |
hammer | tceb | |
sweet | tcerk | |
mean, signify; meaning | tcez | |
learn | tcid | |
teach | tcidulp | |
to turn into something, to morph | tcob | |
ready | tcok | |
to cook | tein | |
kitchen | teinemeva | |
six | teit | |
dream | tel | |
stolen; to steal | telb | |
to pass, pass down, be inherited by | teld | |
to cease | telk | |
blue | telm | |
to strike, striking, a blow | telp | |
see trimp | terp | |
a pea | tib | |
dirty | tim | |
number | tinf | |
wild, untamed | tintc | |
short | tisk | |
mind | tisp (n) | |
understand | tispxev (v) | |
to weave | tist (v) | |
a guard | todx (n) | |
to guard | todxod (v) | |
jump, leap | tok | |
to stand | tolt | |
sleepy | tolx | |
family | torb | |
to wear away | tord (v) | |
to move | tork (v) | |
blind | torx | |
house | toul [East Leturian tul] | |
basket | traz [East Leturian tarz] | |
to urge | trid [East Leturian terd] | |
bow (for arrows) | trimp [East Leturian terp] | |
swan | triz [East Leturian terz] | |
ten | tud | |
forms the ‘dozens,’ e.g tumined = eleven, tumigong = fifteen, etc | tumi- | [from tud mi = “ten and”] |
tail | tur | |
entire, whole, complete | vaic | |
harm | vaif (n) | |
to harm | vaifulp (v) | |
reason why | vais | ge vaisac = because of him/her/it, ningevaisac = therefore |
narrow | vang | |
to make | varb | |
to tell, inform | varg | |
mood | varx | |
to add | veb | |
a station or post | ved | |
to interrupt | veg | |
possible, possibility | veir | |
to build | vest | |
all, every | vic | |
satin | vilg | |
to wear (clothing etc) | vind | |
to roast | visk | |
real | vist | |
enter, entrance | vlan [East Leturian valn] | |
leg | vleim [East Leturian veilm] | |
hope | vleix [East Leturian veilx] | |
to serve | vling [East Leturian viln] | |
a tip | vlingpormi [East Leturian vilnpormi] | |
same | vlod [East Leturian vold] | |
to report | vlop [East Leturian volp] | |
north | vlor [East Leturian volar] | |
to look at | vob | |
boat | vond | |
bell | vong | |
cause | vour [East Leturian vur] | |
to intend | vrim [East Leturian verm] | |
to dig | vrin [East Leturian vern] | |
cloud | vulm | |
to depart, leave | vumb [East Leturian vimb] | |
supreme, highest | vur | |
know | xac | |
to arrive | xaid | |
to appear, come into sight | xangk | |
dry; a desert | xeb | |
surrender, give up, exchange | xem | |
mouth | xen | |
to bear (a child) | xer | |
to speak | xid | |
a shop | xig | |
star | xin | |
to mention | xingk | |
a man | xird | |
a foot | xor | |
to walk | xour [East Leturian xur] | |
a talon | xoz | [from Igmerind zhoza] |
gratitude | yair | |
ashamed | yarb | |
damp | yarg | |
forgive, absolve | yarm | |
to hold | yarp (v) | |
law | yedx | |
power | yeik | |
ice | yein | |
introduce | yenz | |
soon | yep | |
bald | yicak | |
to behead | yiderulp | |
impure | yidxil | |
lazy | yikindx | |
weak | yiklem [East Leturian yikelm] | |
to come | yin | |
to boil | yinf | |
to point | yingk | |
ill, illness, sick, sickness, disease | yinilm | |
to get sick, sicken, become ill | yinilmod | |
dull | yiril | |
to open | yirm | |
soft | yirn | |
deaf | yisandx | |
perfect, flawless | yitand | |
quiet, silent | yitcangk | |
impossible | yiveir | |
blind | yixev | |
lame | yixour [East Leturian yixur] | |
to maim | yixourulp [East Leturian yixurulp] | |
example | yizd | |
for example | yizdoc | |
the wind | yob | |
difficult | yolc | |
distant, far | yolm | |
to alter or change (oneself); to undergo a change | yongk | |
early | yont | |
morning, forenoon | yontkepi | |
to amuse, entertain | yorb | |
a mistake | yorn | |
peace | yort | |
a non-Leturian nomadic tribe in the West | Yosp | |
bath, to bathe | yulp | |
amazed | yult | |
shadow | zal | |
host | zamb | |
color | zarp | |
result | zat (n) | |
to result | zatod (v) | |
garden | zeimp | |
vegetable | zeimpesk | |
to search | zeir (v) | |
clever | zelm | |
liver | zemb | |
key | zert | [from Igmerind sertee] |
seeing, sight, to see | zev | |
plural prefix | zi- | |
new | zilt | |
salt | zimp | [from Igmerind simbee] |
letter; leaf | zind | |
to tell an untruth, to lie | zingk | |
a lie, a fib | zingkesk | |
bean | zint | |
sparkle | zorb | |
awful | zord | |
plural prefix | zu- | |
bread | zun | [from Igmerind suna] |